Electric motor.



No. 662,772. Patantad Nov. 27, I900.

J. DARLING. ELECTRIC MOTOR.

.A u mqn filed Sept. 1, 1900.

(NolodeL) IN VENTOB (JG-$67370 flarlu'l g. 6 I

A TTOHNE Y3 THE Norms FETERS co. Pwcnruma, WASHINGTON. o. c.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOSEPH DARLING, OF OHICORA, PENNSYLVANIA;

ELECTRIC MOTOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 662,772, dated November27,1900.

Application filed September 1, 1900. berial No. 28,774. (No modeLi T0aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, JOSEPH DARLING, of

Ohicora, in the county of Butler and State of Pennsylvania, haveinvented a new and useful Improvement in Electric Motors, of which thefollowing is a specification.

My invention is in the nature of a simple and effective electric motorof that type in which the oscillation of an armature in front of thepole of the electromagnet is converted into rotary motion by means of aconnectingrod and a crank-shaft arranged above and at right angles tothe longitudinal axis of the electromagnet.

My invention consists in the peculiar construction and arrangement ofparts operating on this principle, which I will now roceed to describe,reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which.-

Figure 1 is a perspective view of the motor. Fig. 2 is a verticallongitudinal section through the electromagnet, and Figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6are details of the commutator and automatic speed-regulator.

In the drawings, A represents the iron frame of the motor, which may becast in one piece, as shown; and it consists of a base a, a horizontalcylindrical jacket a, and upright pillars a which latter carry thebearings for. the crank-shaft. The jacket a forms a housing for theelectromagnet and also forms a part of the magnet, as will behereinafter explained. The electromagnet while not broadly new inconstruction differs from the ordinary electromagnet and has a specialValue and produces a distinct organization and new result in thecombination in which it is employed in my motor. It consists ofa centraliron core B, a winding of insulated wire 1) around the same, forming aninner helix, an iron sleeve B surrounding this inner helix, and an outerhelix Z), formed by the winding of the same wireb outside of the sleeveB, all of which is inclosed in the outer iron jacket 0/, which formspart of the framework and also adds to the magnetic quality of theelectromagnet. The special value of this form of electromagnet is notonly to greatly increase its magnetic attraction, but it has a specialcorrelation to the armature 0 when the latter is arranged as in myinvention, which I will now describe. This armature of soft iron rockson its lower edge in a seat formed on the top of the base about an axisthat is directly against the end of the electromagnet, this armaturebeing formed at its lower edge with lugs or bearings which are retainedby a detachable plate 0, bolted or screwed to the base Ct. The armatureO tilts or vibrates about the rocking axis below and the upper end ofthe said armature is connected to the crank-shaft, as will behereinafter described.

The peculiar value and correlated effect between the compoundelectromagnet (having a double helix, with the iron sleeve B andexternal jacket ct) and the armature C,wh0se rocking axis is always inthe vertical plane of the end of the electro1nagnet,are as follows: Itis well known that the attractive energy of an electromagnet on itsarmature increases with the diminution of distance between the armatureand poles of the magnet. Now with the armature pivoted against the endof the electromagnet it feels first the attractive energy of theelectromagnet in the lower part of the jacket a, against which itpractically rests, and then, owing to the angle of divergence, theattractive energy of the lower part of sleeve B is next felt, and,following this, the core B, the upper part of sleeve B", and the upperpart of socket a in succession exert their maximum effect with anincreasing force. It will thus be seen that the armature has at alltimes some part of its body in the range of maximum attraction of somepart of the electromagnet, even when thrown back to its remote position,and this gives to the armature a greatly-increased motive power, theresult being due to the combined ellect of the structural character ofthe magnet and the relation of the armature thereto.

For transferring the motion and power of the armature to the crank-shaftthe armature at its upper end is rigidly connected to an arm D, whichextends at right angles to the plane of the armature and above theelectromagnet in substantially horizontal position to a point near theopposite end of the electromagnet.

In the uprights or pillars 66 is journaled the crank-shaft E,whosecranked middle portion is connected bya pitman F to the end of arm Dmost remote from the armature. This arm D is formed of a bent roddoubled on itself, with its middle portion connected to the pitman andits two ends screw-threaded and extended through the top of the armature and provided with screw-nuts (Z d on opposite sides of thearmature. This makes a rigid connection of the arm D to the armature C,so that the armature-plate O is braced against twisting from its trueplane and also atfords an important means of adjustment by which theconnection between the armature C and pitman F may be shortened to takeup wear, thus avoiding all looseness and rattling noise and alsoinsuring the close approach of the armature to the poles of the magnet.As the arm D extends from the armature to the opposite end of theelectroinagnet, it passes beneath the crank-shaft E at right angles toit, and through the agency of the pitinan F the thrust and pull of thearmature are delivered to crankshaft from the opp site side to that onwhich the armature is arranged, the armature O and arm D acting as oneright-angular rigid piece.

The crank-shaft E is provided with a commutator for alternately throwingtae current through the motor and interrupting it, and said crank-shafthas also a iiy-wheel and automatic governor, which I will now )iOCGGd todescribe. G g g represent an insulated twopronged brush or switch,between whose branches g and g the shaft E passe This shaft revolveswith a contact 0, which as the shaft revolves is brought intermittentlyinto contact with one or the other prong g or g of the switch to send acurrent intermittently through the coil of the electromagnet just afterthe armature has receded to its most remote point.

The path of the electric circuit is best seen in Fig. 2, in which Pis abinding-post mounted on an insulating-base and connected to one pole ofthe battery. This binding-p st is connected by wire '1' with thetwo-pronged switch w- The outer coil Z) of the magnet is connected at sto the outer metal jacket (0' and the metal standards (0 The innercoil 1) is connected at t to an external plate n, the binding-post P,and the other pole of the battery. I is a plate of insulation betweenthe end of the electromagnet-case a and the outer plate n. The path ofthe electric current then is as follows: from binding-post P, wire 2' toswitch g, revolving contact e, shaft E, standard a and external jacketa, thence by wire 5 to helix Z), to helix 1), wire 25 to plate it,binding post P, and the other pole of the battery.

In running in one direction the rotation 01": the contact c alternatelymakes and breaks the circuit through the branch g of the switch. Toreverse the motor, the lever G is deflected, so as to throw branch g ofthe switch out of range of contact c on the shaft and bring branch ginto range of contact. with e. The two branches g g move together aboutthe pivotal center g and the adjusting-arm G has a slottednon-conducting plate g", playing over a pin g, which serves to regulatethe throw of the arm and determines the approach of the branches g gtoward the contact c.

To regulate the speed of the motor automatically, a weight W is arrangedto slide radially on one of the spokes of the fly-wheel, is drawn towardthe center by a helical spring 20, and is thrown away from the center bycentrifugal action. This weight is connected to a radial slide in, andthis in turn toward the center twain causes the slide 10- to restore thecontact 6 to its former range of revolution and rubbing contact with theswitch-prong g or g, as the case may be. To regulate the sensitivenessof this governor, the tension of the spring may be adjusted by ascrew-threaded stem 20 and thumb-nut to.

For facility and economy of construction one of the standards a simplybored to receive one end of the crank-shaft, while the other standardhas an open seat and has a hooked arm m, which may be thrown over theshaft to retain it in its hearing or be thrown back to allow the shaftto he lifted out laterally.

Having thus described myinvontion, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is

1. In an electric motor the combination with an electromagnet; of anarmature hav ing a rocking axis directly at the pole of the said magnet,an arm rigidly attached to the other end of the armature and extendingat right angles to point near the opposite end of the electromagnet, acrank-shaft arranged at right angles to the elcctromagnet above saidarm, and a conn cting-rod arranged on the opposite side of thecrank-shaft from the armature and connecting the crz'tnk-shaft to theextended armature-arm substantially as described.

2. In an electric motor, the combination with an electromagnet; of anarmature having a rocking axis directly at the pole of said magnet, anarm rigidly attached to the swinging end of the armature and providedwith adjusting-nuts as described and extending to a point near theopposite end of the magnet, a crank-shaft at right angles to theelectromagnet, and a pitman arranged on the opposite side of thecrank-shaft from the armature and connecting the armature-arm to thecrank-shaft substantially as described.

3. T' e combination with the electromagnet, and the armature having arocking axis against the end of the said magnet; of an arm composed of abent rod having its two ends screw-threaded and separately connected bynuts to the swinging end of the armature and a crank-shaft arranged atright angles to the electromagnet, and a pitman arranged on the oppositeside of the crank-shaft from the armature and connecting the armature tothe crankshaft substantially as described.

at. I11 an electric motor, the combination with the rotary shaft; of areversing-switch having two branches embracing said shaft, a rotatingcontact moving with the said shaft and arranged between the two branchesof the switch and a centrifugal governor at tached to and automaticallyadjusting said rotating contact for a longer or shorter contact with thebranches of the switch substantially as described.

5. In an electric motor, the combination with the rotary shaft; of areversing-switch having two branches embracing said shaft, and alever-handle for adjusting said switch, a rotating contact moving withsaid shaft and arranged between the twobranches of the switch, aradially-sliding bar connected to the rotating contact and bearing aWeight at its outer end, and a spring and means for adjusting it, saidspring being connected to the weight and arranged to draw it againstcentrifugal action substantially as described.

6. In an electric motor, a revolving shaft, a brush-arm or switch atright angles thereto, a rotating and sliding contact between the brushand the shaft, and a centrifugal governor arranged to throw the rotatingcontact away from the brush and toward the center of the shaft asdescribed.

JOSEPH DARLING. \Vitnesses:

SoLoN C. KEMON, CHARLES A. PETTI'T.

